The Complete STL to VRM Conversion Guide

May 15, 2025
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General Information

This guide is part of the RapidPipeline 3D Formats Knowledge Database. It shows how to convert STL to VRM, if you'd like to know more about the formats, please check out the following links:

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What are STL and VRM files commonly used for?

The STL file is a format mostly used for 3D printing.
The VRM file is a format mostly used for animated 3D avatar models.

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Comparison of Features Supported by STL and VRM

FeatureSupported by STLSupported by VRM
Morph TargetsNoYes
Rigid AnimationsNoYes
Skinned AnimationsNoYes
AnimationsNoYes
Free-Form SurfacesNoNo
Geometry CompressionNoYes
Quad MeshesNoNo
Basic 3D GeometryYesYes
PBR MaterialsNoYes
Transparent MaterialsNoYes
Vertex ColorsNoYes
MaterialsNoYes
Scene CompositionNoNo
Hierarchical Scene GraphNoYes
Scene NodesNoYes
Standardized FormatYesYes0
Embedded TexturesNoYes
Multiple UV ChannelsNoYes
Normal MappingNoYes
Procedural TexturesNoNo
Texture CompressionNoYes
Texture TransformsNoYes
TexturingNoYes

0 - VRM relies on the glTF format for storage of mesh and texture data.

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Limitations of a STL Files to VRM Conversion Workflow

The following limitations should be taken into account when converting STL files to VRM format:

STL Feature (not supported by VRM)Limitation Details
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Converting and Optimizing STL Files to VRM

There are various ways to convert between STL and VRM. With RapidPipeline, you can easily convert and and optimize STL files, at scale. It supports VRM, as well as many other file formats (examples: 3dsMax, FBX, glTF, OBJ, PLY, STEP, USD, USDZ), at high quality.

Due to the potential limitations aforementioned on the table above, in principle, one cannot always perfectly convert 3D data between VRM and other formats. In the following, you can find conversion guides between VRM and the most important other formats, along with a rough score for compatibility of this workflow:

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What's the best way to get STL files into my 3D applications, and are there alternatives to using VRM?

Doing 3D conversion right, especially at scale, can be tricky, as 3D data is in general a rather complex (yet very powerful!) medium. This also applies to STL and VRM files - the conversion guide above provides a rough first idea about that. Once you know what you would like to do, tools like RapidPipeline can help you perform the necessary steps, and to even automate the process for thousands or even millions of files.

Especially when introducing pipelines and workflows at scale in an enterprise context, it is usually good to rely on dedicated tools and expertise, making sure you do not introduce any steps into your 3D workflow that are detrimental to the final output's quality, or that take your team too much time (and money).

If you're interested to hire dedicated expertise from the best in the field to help your company reach your goals fast and reliably, please do not hestitate to contact DGG. Being the creators of RapidPipeline, and ambassadors for open 3D standards for more than a decade, we have been building some of the world's most advanced 3D pipelines, having processed many millions of 3D assets.

Therefore, our expertise will help you to reach your goals faster, at scale, and with the least possible friction, since we are focused on maximum interoperability.

To get started with 3D data conversion and optimization today, sign up for a free account!

If you have any questions, feel free to chat with our human team.

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Meet the Author

Victor Mops

DGG Team

The 3D Pipeline Company

DGG is on a mission to connect the real and virtual by making 3D models as easy to handle as 2D images.