The Complete USDZ to USD Conversion Guide

May 15, 2025
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General Information

This guide is part of the RapidPipeline 3D Formats Knowledge Database. It shows how to convert USDZ to USD, if you'd like to know more about the formats, please check out the following links:

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What are USDZ and USD files commonly used for?

The USDZ file is a format mostly used for interactive 3D, on the Web and elsewhere (e.g., in XR).
The USD file is a format mostly used for 3D modeling and rendering applications, and exchange of 3D authoring data.

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Comparison of Features Supported by USDZ and USD

FeatureSupported by USDZSupported by USD
Morph TargetsYesYes
Rigid AnimationsYesYes
Skinned AnimationsYesYes
AnimationsYesYes
Free-Form SurfacesYesYes
Geometry CompressionNoNo
Quad MeshesYesYes
Basic 3D GeometryYesYes
PBR MaterialsYesYes
Transparent MaterialsYesYes
Vertex ColorsYesYes
MaterialsYesYes
Scene CompositionYesYes
Hierarchical Scene GraphYesYes
Scene NodesYesYes
Standardized FormatYesYes
Embedded TexturesNoNo
Multiple UV ChannelsYes0Yes
Normal MappingYesYes
Procedural TexturesYesYes
Texture CompressionNoNo
Texture TransformsYesYes
TexturingYesYes

0 - This and other properties of USDZ (including specific PBR materials, etc.) might not be supported in Apple's ARKit implementation.

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Limitations of a USDZ Files to USD Conversion Workflow

The following limitations should be taken into account when converting USDZ files to USD format:

USDZ Feature (not supported by USD)Limitation Details
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Converting and Optimizing USDZ Files to USD

There are various ways to convert between USDZ and USD. With RapidPipeline, you can easily convert and and optimize USDZ files, at scale. It supports USD, as well as many other file formats (examples: 3dsMax, FBX, glTF, OBJ, PLY, STEP, STL, VRM), at high quality.

Due to the potential limitations aforementioned on the table above, in principle, one cannot always perfectly convert 3D data between USD and other formats. In the following, you can find conversion guides between USD and the most important other formats, along with a rough score for compatibility of this workflow:

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What's the best way to get USDZ files into my 3D applications, and are there alternatives to using USD?

Doing 3D conversion right, especially at scale, can be tricky, as 3D data is in general a rather complex (yet very powerful!) medium. This also applies to USDZ and USD files - the conversion guide above provides a rough first idea about that. Once you know what you would like to do, tools like RapidPipeline can help you perform the necessary steps, and to even automate the process for thousands or even millions of files.

Especially when introducing pipelines and workflows at scale in an enterprise context, it is usually good to rely on dedicated tools and expertise, making sure you do not introduce any steps into your 3D workflow that are detrimental to the final output's quality, or that take your team too much time (and money).

If you're interested to hire dedicated expertise from the best in the field to help your company reach your goals fast and reliably, please do not hestitate to contact DGG. Being the creators of RapidPipeline, and ambassadors for open 3D standards for more than a decade, we have been building some of the world's most advanced 3D pipelines, having processed many millions of 3D assets.

Therefore, our expertise will help you to reach your goals faster, at scale, and with the least possible friction, since we are focused on maximum interoperability.

To get started with 3D data conversion and optimization today, sign up for a free account!

If you have any questions, feel free to chat with our human team.

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Meet the Author

Victor Mops

DGG Team

The 3D Pipeline Company

DGG is on a mission to connect the real and virtual by making 3D models as easy to handle as 2D images.