VRML - Format Overview

July 25, 2025

General Information

This guide is part of the RapidPipeline 3D Formats Knowledge Database.

Format NameVRML
Long NameVirtual Reality Modeling Language / Web 3D
Extensions.vmrl, .wrl
Internet Media Type (previously MIME)model/vrml
Common Use CasesWeb 3D, Virtual Reality, Interactive 3D, Education, Visualization

What is the VRML format, and what is it used for?

VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is a standard file format for representing 3D interactive vector graphics designed particularly for the World Wide Web. VRML files describe 3D objects and worlds that can be explored interactively by users, supporting navigation, interaction, and animation. The format includes scene graphs, materials, textures, lighting, and behaviors. VRML was later succeeded by X3D, but remains important for legacy web 3D content and educational applications. It supports both static 3D models and dynamic interactive worlds with scripting capabilities. It is a file format mostly used for web-based 3D content and virtual reality.

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Features supported by the VRML format

FeatureSupported?
Morph TargetsPartial0
Rigid AnimationsYes
Skinned AnimationsNo
AnimationsYes
Free-Form SurfacesPartial1
Geometry CompressionNo
Quad MeshesPartial2
Basic 3D GeometryYes
PBR MaterialsNo
Transparent MaterialsYes
Vertex ColorsYes
MaterialsYes
Scene CompositionYes
Hierarchical Scene GraphYes
Scene NodesYes
Standardized FormatYes
Embedded TexturesNo
Multiple UV ChannelsPartial3
Normal MappingNo
Procedural TexturesPartial4
Texture CompressionNo
Texture TransformsYes
TexturingYes

0 - Basic shape interpolation through coordinate interpolation
1 - Limited NURBS support in VRML 2.0
2 - Primarily triangle-based with some quad support
3 - Basic multi-texturing capabilities
4 - Simple procedural texture generation

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Converting and Optimizing VRML Files

There are various ways to convert between VRML files and other 3D formats. With RapidPipeline, you can easily convert and and optimize VRML files, at scale. It supports VRML, as well as many other file formats (examples: 3dsMax, 3MF, ACIS, AutoCAD, CATIA, COLLADA, Creo, DGN, FBX, glTF, I-deas, IFC, IGES, Inventor, JT, Navisworks, OBJ, Parasolid, PLY, PRC/U3D, Revit, Rhino 3DM, Solid Edge, SolidWorks, STEP, STEP Enhanced, STL, USD, USDZ, VDA-FS, VRM), at high quality.

Due to the potential limitations aforementioned on the table above, in principle, this format cannot always perfectly convert 3D data between VRML and other formats. In the following, you can find format conversion guides between VRML and the most important other formats, along with a rough score for compatibility of this workflow:

Converting VRML to Other 3D File Formats

What's the best way to get VRML files into my 3D applications?

Doing 3D conversion right, especially at scale, can be tricky, as 3D data is in general a rather complex (yet very powerful!) medium. This also applies to VRML files - the conversion guide above gives a rough idea. Once you know what you would like to do, tools like RapidPipeline can help you perform the necessary steps, and to automate the process.

However, especially when introducing pipelines and workflows at scale in an enterprise context, it is usually good to rely on dedicated expertise, making sure you do not introduce any steps into your 3D workflow that are detrimental to the final output's quality, or that take your team too much time (and money).

If you're interested to hire dedicated expertise from the best in the field to help your company reach your goals fast and reliably, please do not hestitate to contact DGG. Being the creators of RapidPipeline, and ambassadors for open 3D standards for more than a decade, we have been building some of the world's most advanced 3D pipelines, having processed many millions of 3D assets.

Therefore, our expertise will help you to reach your goals faster, at scale, and with the least possible friction, since we are focused on maximum interoperability.

To get started with 3D data conversion and optimization today, sign up for a free account!

If you have any questions, feel free to chat with our human team.

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3D Knowledge Team

3D Technical Artists

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